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Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI

by Anil Ananthaswamy

The mathematics beneath modern AI

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AlbakiReads Editorial

The mathematics beneath modern AI

Anil Ananthaswamy traces machine learning to mathematical ideas such as linear algebra and calculus, connecting centuries-old foundations with the computing advances that helped bring today’s AI into view. The book places these principles in the context of consequential applications—from mortgage decisions and cancer detection to research in biology, chemistry, and physics—and considers possible links between artificial and natural intelligence. Its paperback afterword adds a discussion of the Transformer architecture behind large language models such as ChatGPT, along with future directions for the technology. The throughline is mathematical: understanding how machine learning works is presented as a way to examine both its capabilities and its limits.

Good fit for readers who enjoy

  • Readers seeking an accessible explanation of the mathematics behind machine learning and AI.
  • Those interested in how AI is used in decision-making and scientific research.
  • Readers curious about the mathematical links between artificial and natural intelligence, or about Transformers and large language models.

Themes

Mathematical foundations of machine learningAI applications and limitationsArtificial and natural intelligenceTransformers and large language models

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Book overview

A rich, narrative explanation of the mathematics that has brought us machine learning and the ongoing explosion of artificial intelligence

Machine learning systems are making life-altering decisions for us: approving mortgage loans, determining whether a tumor is cancerous, or deciding if someone gets bail. They now influence developments and discoveries in chemistry, biology, and physics--the study of genomes, extrasolar planets, even the intricacies of quantum systems. And all this before large language models such as ChatGPT came on the scene.

We are living through a revolution in machine learning-powered AI that shows no signs of slowing down. This technology is based on relatively simple mathematical ideas, some of which go back centuries, including linear algebra and calculus, the stuff of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century mathematics. It took the birth and advancement of computer science and the kindling of 1990s computer chips designed for video games to ignite the explosion of AI that we see today. In this enlightening book, Anil Ananthaswamy explains the fundamental math behind machine learning, while suggesting intriguing links between artificial and natural intelligence. Might the same math underpin them both?

As Ananthaswamy resonantly concludes, to make safe and effective use of artificial intelligence, we need to understand its profound capabilities and limitations, the clues to which lie in the math that makes machine learning possible.

In a brand-new afterword exclusively in the paperback edition, Ananthaswamy dives into the Transformer architecture that makes large language models like ChatGPT possible and points to groundbreaking future directions enabled by the technology.
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