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Why England Slept

by John F. Kennedy

A student’s examination of Britain’s prewar unpreparedness

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AlbakiReads Editorial

A student’s examination of Britain’s prewar unpreparedness

Written as John F. Kennedy’s Harvard senior dissertation in 1940, *Why England Slept* responds to Winston Churchill’s account of Britain’s foreign affairs and military readiness from 1932 to 1938. Kennedy challenges the concentration of blame on British leaders such as Neville Chamberlain and Stanley Baldwin, placing their decisions within the broader conditions of democratic government. The book also draws a comparison with the United States’ own preparedness in the face of Nazi Germany. This edition is described as reproducing the original 1940 work and includes a foreword by Henry R. Luce.

Good fit for readers who enjoy

  • Readers interested in World War II’s European theater and the political debates preceding the war.
  • Those studying John F. Kennedy’s early writing or arguments about democratic leadership and military preparedness.
  • Readers seeking a historical account that examines both British policy and U.S. preparedness.

Themes

British military preparednessAppeasement and prewar policyDemocratic leadership and responsibilityU.S. preparedness in the 1930s

Based on publisher information and book metadata.

Book overview

"England made many mistakes; she is paying heavily for them now. In studying the reasons why England slept, let us try to profit by them and save ourselves her anguish." - John F. Kennedy
In 1938, British statesman and soon-to-be Prime Minister Winston Churchill published his book Arms and the Covenant. It was published three months later in the United States under the title While England Slept; A Survey of World Affairs, 1932-1938.

In While England Slept, Churchill emphasized England's lack of military readiness or a realistic plan to face the threat of Hitler and Nazi Germany's Anschluss, their territorial aggression and expansionism into the rest of Europe. He particularly targeted in his critique, the British government, led by the Conservative Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, directly leading to widespread public dissatisfaction over the Munich Agreement and England's dovish policy of "appeasement."

In 1940, future President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, who was a senior at Harvard University, wrote his dissertation, criticizing Churchill's harsh blame of England's leaders, even drawing comparisons between England and the United States for its own similar lack of preparedness against the totalitarian Nazi regime.

Alluding to the title While England Slept, named his book, Why England Slept.

Discover all of this and more in this beautifully designed deluxe original classic 1940 edition of the work that includes the original foreword by Henry R. Luce.

"To say that all the blame must rest on the shoulders of Neville Chamberlain or of Stanley Baldwin, is to overlook the obvious. As the leaders, they are, of course, gravely and seriously responsible. But, given the conditions of democratic government... it is unreasonable to blame the entire situation on one man or group." - JFK
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