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  • The Philosophy of Freedom by Rudolf Steiner book cover
  • The Philosophy of Freedom by Rudolf Steiner book cover
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The Philosophy of Freedom

by Rudolf Steiner

Freedom, thinking, and ethical individualism

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AlbakiReads Editorial

Freedom, thinking, and ethical individualism

Rudolf Steiner’s 1894 philosophical work takes up a central question in free-will debates: whether, and in what sense, human beings can be free. Its two-part structure moves from thinking as a basis for freedom—considering how knowledge relates to perception and how thinking can serve as a means to knowledge—to the conditions Steiner considers necessary for freedom. The second part develops his account of moral philosophy, which he calls “ethical individualism.” The book’s concern with both how we know and how we act gives its inquiry a clear progression from epistemology to ethics.

Good fit for readers who enjoy

  • Readers interested in free will and determinism.
  • Those exploring philosophical accounts of thinking, perception, and knowledge.
  • Readers interested in moral philosophy and Steiner’s idea of ethical individualism.

Themes

Free will and human freedomThinking, perception, and knowledgeEthical individualismMoral philosophy

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Book overview

The Philosophy of Freedom is the fundamental philosophical work of the philosopher and esotericist Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925). It addresses the question of whether and in what sense human beings can be said to be free. Originally published in 1894 in German as Die Philosophie der Freiheit, with a second edition published in 1918, the work has appeared under a number of English titles, including The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity (the title Steiner proposed for the English-language translation), The Philosophy of Freedom, and Intuitive Thinking as a Spiritual Path . Part One of The Philosophy of Freedom examines the basis for freedom in human thinking, gives an account of the relationship between knowledge and perception, and explores the role and reliability of thinking as a means to knowledge. In Part Two Steiner analyzes the conditions necessary for human beings to be free, and develops a moral philosophy that he describes as "ethical individualism".

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