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A Perfect Turmoil: Walter E. Fernald and the Struggle to Care for America's Disabled

by Alex Green

A changing approach to disability and care

Award Winner
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Awards & Recognition

  • Award recognition

    National Book Critics Circle Award winner

    The metadata describes the book as an award winner but does not specify the award category.

AlbakiReads Editorial

A changing approach to disability and care

Alex Green’s biography traces Walter E. Fernald’s career from his 1887 appointment as superintendent of a public school for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities through his death in 1924. Fernald’s work connected education, medicine, and public policy: he designed an early special education class and influenced disability laws, while his career also included support for eugenics and a later opposition to mass institutionalization. That shift places changing ideas about disability and care alongside the choices of one influential, conflicted figure. Drawing on archival research, the book examines how Fernald’s views changed and how his professional legacy remains tied to wider debates about institutional care.

Good fit for readers who enjoy

  • Readers interested in biographies of doctors, educators, and policymakers.
  • Readers exploring the history of disability education, medical care, or institutionalization.
  • Readers interested in the history and consequences of eugenics.

Themes

Disability and public policySpecial educationEugenicsInstitutional careChanging professional convictions

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Book overview

NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER

The rise, fall, and redemption of the doctor behind America's first public school for mentally disabled people

 

From the moment he became superintendent of the nation's oldest public school for intellectually and developmentally disabled children in 1887 until his death in 1924, Dr. Walter E. Fernald led a wholesale transformation of our understanding of disabilities in ways that continue to influence our views today. How did the man who designed the first special education class in America, shaped the laws of entire nations, and developed innovative medical treatments for the disabled slip from idealism into the throes of eugenics before emerging as an opponent of mass institutionalization? Based on a decade of research, A Perfect Turmoil is the story of a doctor, educator, and policymaker who was unafraid to reverse course when convinced by the evidence, even if it meant going up against some of the most powerful forces of his time.

In this landmark work, Alex Green has drawn upon extensive, unexamined archives to unearth the hidden story of one of America's largely forgotten, but most complex, conflicted, and significant figures.

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