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The Evolution of Cooperation

by Robert Axelrod

How cooperation can emerge from strategic competition

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AlbakiReads Editorial

How cooperation can emerge from strategic competition

Robert Axelrod uses the Prisoner’s Dilemma to examine why cooperation can arise even when individuals or groups are assumed to act in their own interest. The book draws on a 1979 computer tournament, where competing strategies were tested against one another and the simple cooperative program Tit for Tat prevailed. That example provides a framework for considering strategic choices beyond the tournament, including military strategy, political elections, and family dynamics. The discussion connects an abstract model of decision-making with situations in which choices are shaped by repeated encounters and by how one party responds to another.

Good fit for readers who enjoy

  • Readers interested in decision-making and strategic interaction.
  • Those exploring cooperation in politics, military strategy, or family relationships.
  • Readers curious about applications of the Prisoner’s Dilemma.

Themes

Cooperation and competitionStrategic decision-makingThe Prisoner’s DilemmaReciprocity

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Book overview

"For anyone involved in settling disputes" (Richard Dawkins), a famed political scientist offers a classic argument for how to achieve a more cooperative world

We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1979, he organized the famed Computer Prisoner's Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the most effective strategy for the ubiquitous prisoner's dilemma, a model of strategy problems in the nuclear age. The expectation had been that some complicated scheme of competition would win the day. Instead, a simple, cooperative program called Tit for Tat did. The effects of that victory continue to reverberate today, from college campuses to the Situation Room.

A vital book for leaders and decision-makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy to political elections to family dynamics.
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