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Backwards & Forwards: A Technical Manual for Reading Plays

by David Ball

A practical framework for reading plays

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AlbakiReads Editorial

A practical framework for reading plays

David Ball organizes script analysis around the construction of a play: how plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, conflict, and theatricality work together. The guide offers tools for identifying the elements a playwright gives greatest importance, grounding interpretation in the play’s structure. Shakespeare’s *Hamlet* serves as a recurring example, including to show how attention to dramatic craft can clarify interpretation. Ball’s approach also connects close reading with stage practice and playwriting, since the structures under examination are presented as tools used in making plays stageworthy.

Good fit for readers who enjoy

  • Students of theater and literature seeking a method for analyzing scripts
  • Actors, directors, designers, and other stage practitioners exploring dramatic structure
  • Playwrights interested in the structural tools described in the book

Themes

Script analysisDramatic structureInterpretationTheater practicePlaywriting

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Book overview

The best-selling script analysis book for thirty-five years

Considered an essential text since its publication thirty-five years ago, this guide for students and practitioners of both theater and literature complements, rather than contradicts or repeats, traditional methods of literary analysis of scripts.

Ball developed his method during his work as literary director at the Guthrie Theater, building his guide on the crafts playwrights of every period and style use to make their plays stageworthy. The text is full of tools for students and practitioners to use as they investigate plot, character, theme, exposition, imagery, conflict, theatricality, and the other crucial parts of the superstructure of a play. Also included are guides for discovering what the playwright considers a play' s most important elements, thus permitting interpretation based on the foundation of the play rather than its details.

Using Shakespeare's Hamlet as illustration, Ball assures a familiar base for clarifying script-reading techniques as well as exemplifying the kinds of misinterpretation readers can fall prey to by ignoring the craft of the playwright. Of immense utility to those who want to put plays on the stage (actors, directors, designers, production specialists) Backwards & Forwards is also a fine playwriting manual because the structures it describes are the primary tools of the playwright.

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