In this Special Issue, we explore the transformative power of deep learning-based computing technologies in improving the accuracy and reliability of image recognition systems. From advancing autonomous driving to enhancing object detection, deep learning continues to push the boundaries of what is achievable. Additionally, cutting-edge computer vision technologies enable precise medical imaging segmentation and improve image quality in challenging conditions, such as low-light environments and astronomical observations. Leading experts in the field present their latest research and innovations, offering a comprehensive view of the applications and future potential of deep learning in image and video sensing technologies. Together, we envision a future where artificial intelligence not only enhances our everyday devices but also redefines how we interact with technology and the world around us.