{"title":"Applied Sciences","description":"\u003cp\u003eApplied sciences focuses on using scientific knowledge to solve real-world problems, translating theory into practical solutions. Distinct from pure science, this subject centers on areas like engineering, medicine, and technology development, where discoveries are harnessed to address everyday challenges and improve society.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo navigate applied sciences, consider whether you’re seeking resources on specific technical fields, interdisciplinary innovations, or the relationship between research and usable technology. 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As this method (either room temperature RF or superconducting RF) is approaching its intrinsic limitation in acceleration gradient (measured in MeV\/m), it becomes apparent that new methods with much higher acceleration gradient (measured in GeV\/m) must be found for future very high energy accelerators as well as future compact (table-top or room-size) accelerators. This volume introduces a number of advanced accelerator concepts (AAC) -- their principles, technologies and potential applications. For the time being, none of them stands out as a definitive direction in which to go. But these novel ideas are in hot pursuit and look promising. Furthermore, some AAC requires a high power laser system. This has the implication of bringing two different communities -- accelerator and laser -- to join forces and work together. 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The authors explore layered bismuth titanates and niobates, known for their high Curie temperature, and discuss how varying their chemical composition can lead to significant changes in their electrophysical properties. Chapter 2 explores the fascinating world of ferroelectrics - dielectrics with spontaneous polarization. Mathematical models and approaches of fractional calculus are used to understand the process of polarization switching in these materials, shedding light on the fractality of electrical responses. In Chapter 3, readers gain valuable insights into the inhomogeneous polarization process of polycrystalline ferroelectrics, a crucial stage in creating piezoceramic samples for energy converters. The authors present a comprehensive mathematical model that allows the determination of various characteristics, including dielectric and piezoelectric hysteresis loops and the effect of attenuation processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapter 4 focuses on state-of-the-art piezoelectric energy harvesting, discussing theoretical, experimental, and computer modelling approaches. The authors discuss piezoelectric generators (PEGs) of different types (cantilever, stack and axis) and nonlinear effects arising at their operation. Chapter 5 presents expanded test and finite element models for cantilever-type and axial-type PEGs with active elements. The studies cover various structural and electric schemes of the PEGs with proof mass, bimorph and cylindrical piezoelectric elements, and excitation loads. 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