{"title":"History","description":"\u003cp\u003eMedical history covers the evolution of medicine, healthcare practices, and scientific understanding through time. This subject traces significant developments in patient care, treatments, public health, and the transformation of medical theories. Unlike general Medical categories, Medical History emphasizes how discoveries, cultural changes, and key figures have shaped the professional landscape.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo focus your study within medical history, consider specific eras, major breakthroughs, or the influence of particular diseases and technologies. 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Not only did they have to cope with extreme poverty, but as newly arrived immigrants they had to deal with linguistic and cultural barriers and the unfamiliarity of local medical facilities. \u003cem\u003eModel Mothers\u003c\/em\u003e makes important contributions to our knowledge of maternal and infant care in this period and to our understanding of the interactions between ethnicity and health-care.","brand":"OXFORD UNIV PR","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":50167289348386,"sku":"9780198204541-new","price":74.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0893\/4755\/5618\/files\/9780198204541.jpg?v=1753565044"},{"product_id":"nature-cures-history-alternative-medicine-america-9780195171624-new","title":"Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America","description":"From reflexology and rolfing to shiatsu and dream work, we are confronted today by a welter of alternative medical therapies. But as James Whorton shows in \u003cem\u003eNature Cures\u003c\/em\u003e, the recent explosion in alternative medicine actually reflects two centuries of competition and conflict between mainstream medicine and numerous unorthodox systems. \u003cbr\u003e This is the first comprehensive history of alternative medicine in America, examining the major systems that have emerged from 1800 to the present. Writing with wit and with fairness to all sides, Whorton offers a fascinating look at alternative health systems such as homeopathy, water cures, Mesmerism, Christian Science, osteopathy, chiropractic, naturopathy, and acupuncture. He highlights the birth and growth of each system (including European roots where appropriate) and vividly describes both the theories and the therapies developed within each system, including such dubious practices as hour-long walks barefoot in snow or Samuel Thompson's \"puking and steaming\" regimen. In particular, Whorton illuminates the philosophy of \"natural healing\" that has been espoused by alternative practitioners throughout history and the distinctive interpretations of \"nature cure\" developed by the different systems. Though he doesn't hesitate to point out the failings of these systems, he also shows that some \"cult medicines\" have eventually won recognition from practitioners of mainstream medicine.\u003cbr\u003e Throughout, Whorton writes with a light touch and quotes from contemporary humorists such as Mark Twain. His book is an engaging and authoritative history that highlights the course of alternative medicine in the U.S., providing valuable background to the wide range of therapies available today.","brand":"OXFORD UNIV PR","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":50167289381154,"sku":"9780195171624-new","price":63.56,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0893\/4755\/5618\/files\/9780195171624.jpg?v=1753565044"},{"product_id":"continual-raving-c-9780190677312-new","title":"Continual Raving: A History of Meningitis and the People Who Conquered It","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eNot all scientific discoveries are genius. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eContinual Raving\u003c\/em\u003e tells the combined stories of how scientists across the 19th and 20th centuries defeated meningitis -- not through flawless scientific research, but often through a series of serendipitous events, misplaced assumptions, and flawed conclusions. 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That changed in 1892, when German physician Richard Pfeiffer observed and isolated bacteria ultimately shown to cause meningitis in children -- and concluded that those bacteria cause influenza. \u003cem\u003eHaemophilus influenzae\u003c\/em\u003e, as thee meningitis-causing bacteria have been erroneously named ever since, continued their strange journey to discovery in the decades that followed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eContinual Raving\u003c\/em\u003e traces the disease's strange encounters with science, including: \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Heinrich Quincke, the German internist who first used a needle to draw spinal fluid from between a patient's back bones\u003cbr\u003e- Simon Flexner's management of American meningitis epidemics using immune serum from a horse\u003cbr\u003e- American bacteriologist Margaret Pittman's discovery (during the Great Depression, no less) of a sugar overcoat that protects the bacteria from white blood cells\u003cbr\u003e- Pediatrician Ashley Weech, who gave the first antibiotic used in America (based on instructions written in German) to a young patient sick with meningitis\u003cbr\u003e- Microbiologist Hattie Alexander, who learned why these antibiotics sometimes fail in such patients\u003cbr\u003e- Four scientists, in two teams, as they vied to be the first to create the right vaccine to prevent meningitis in infants \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn each of these deeply human stories, variables of chance, circumstance, and incorrect assumptions intervene to shape not just the arc of the scientists' lives, but the trajectory of how humans have come to understand one of our most pernicious diseases. \u003cem\u003eContinual Raving\u003c\/em\u003e is a mosaic tale of how science conquered meningitis -- and a larger story of the sometimes winding road to discovery.","brand":"OXFORD UNIV PR","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":50167289413922,"sku":"9780190677312-new","price":56.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0893\/4755\/5618\/files\/9780190677312.jpg?v=1753565044"},{"product_id":"cinema-md-history-medicine-screen-9780190685799-new","title":"Cinema, MD: A History of Medicine on Screen","description":"\u003cem\u003eCinema, MD\u003c\/em\u003e follows the intersection of medicine and film and how filmmakers wrote a history of medicine over time. 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Finally, and perhaps most tellingly, Oshinsky reveals that polio was never the raging epidemic portrayed by the media, but in truth a relatively uncommon disease. 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Based on their extensive research and experience with chronic pain care, science, ethics, and policy, the authors look beyond the usual villains-pharmaceutical companies and pharmacotherapy distributors-to examine the ethical and scientific concepts about pain that made the opioid epidemic possible. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe book explores the history of pain in Western society, the role of innovation in end-of-life care, the conception of pain control as an important medical responsibility, and the various models of pain that have led to our current understanding of it, ultimately arguing that we must reintegrate pain with the rest of human suffering as a necessary part of a full life. 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That is, until 1904, when the disease broke out in a household on Long Island. Authorities suspected the family cook, Mary Mallon, of infecting the family through the food on their plates. But before she could be tested, the asymptomatic woman-soon to be known as Typhoid Mary-had disappeared. Proceeding to spread her pestilence from home to home across New York for years, Mary narrowly escaped the law until her arrest and institutionalization in 1907. After three years, she was released on the promise that she could never work as a cook again. So she disappeared once more, assuming countless aliases as she blazed a diseased path through New York, claiming countless lives in her wake. 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Writing with his signature panache about his best subjects, rugged kitchens and their hardened chefs, Bourdain serves a feast for true crime fans and true Bourdain acolytes alike.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BLOOMSBURY","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":51574890266914,"sku":"9781639734696-new","price":16.45,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0893\/4755\/5618\/files\/9781639734696.jpg?v=1777347128"},{"product_id":"immortal-life-henrietta-lacks-9781400052189-new","title":"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks","description":"\u003cb\u003e#1 \u003ci\u003eNEW YORK TIMES \u003c\/i\u003eBESTSELLER - \"The story of modern medicine and bioethics--and, indeed, race relations--is refracted beautifully, and movingly.\"--\u003ci\u003eEntertainment Weekly\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eNOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE FROM HBO(R) STARRING OPRAH WINFREY AND ROSE BYRNE - ONE OF THE \"MOST INFLUENTIAL\" (CNN), \"DEFINING\" (\u003ci\u003eLITHUB\u003c\/i\u003e), AND \"BEST\" (\u003ci\u003eTHE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER\u003c\/i\u003e) BOOKS OF THE DECADE - ONE OF \u003ci\u003eESSENCE\u003c\/i\u003e'S 50 MOST IMPACTFUL BLACK BOOKS OF THE PAST 50 YEARS - WINNER OF THE \u003ci\u003eCHICAGO TRIBUNE \u003c\/i\u003eHEARTLAND PRIZE FOR NONFICTION - A \u003ci\u003eKIRKUS REVIEWS \u003c\/i\u003eBEST NONFICTION BOOK OF THE CENTURY\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eA BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: \u003ci\u003eThe New York Times Book Review, Entertainment Weekly, O: The Oprah Magazine, \u003c\/i\u003eNPR, \u003ci\u003eFinancial Times, New York, Independent \u003c\/i\u003e(U.K.), \u003ci\u003eTimes \u003c\/i\u003e(U.K.), \u003ci\u003ePublishers Weekly, Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews, Booklist, Globe and Mail\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHer name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. She was a poor Southern tobacco farmer who worked the same land as her slave ancestors, yet her cells--taken without her knowledge--became one of the most important tools in medicine: The first \"immortal\" human cells grown in culture, which are still alive today, though she has been dead for more than sixty years. HeLa cells were vital for developing the polio vaccine; uncovered secrets of cancer, viruses, and the atom bomb's effects; helped lead to important advances like in vitro fertilization, cloning, and gene mapping; and have been bought and sold by the billions. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYet Henrietta Lacks remains virtually unknown, buried in an unmarked grave. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHenrietta's family did not learn of her \"immortality\" until more than twenty years after her death, when scientists investigating HeLa began using her husband and children in research without informed consent. And though the cells had launched a multimillion-dollar industry that sells human biological materials, her family never saw any of the profits. As Rebecca Skloot so brilliantly shows, the story of the Lacks family--past and present--is inextricably connected to the dark history of experimentation on African Americans, the birth of bioethics, and the legal battles over whether we control the stuff we are made of. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOver the decade it took to uncover this story, Rebecca became enmeshed in the lives of the Lacks family--especially Henrietta's daughter Deborah. Deborah was consumed with questions: Had scientists cloned her mother? Had they killed her to harvest her cells? 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No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this masterful book.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e\"[Washington] has unearthed a shocking amount of information and shaped it into a riveting, carefully documented book.\" --\u003ci\u003eNew York Times\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom the era of slavery to the present day, starting with the earliest encounters between Black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, \u003ci\u003eMedical Apartheid\u003c\/i\u003e details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge--a tradition that continues today within some black populations. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt reveals how Blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. 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At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused Black Americans to view researchers--and indeed the whole medical establishment--with such deep distrust.","brand":"ANCHOR","offers":[{"title":"New","offer_id":51578469450018,"sku":"9780767915472-new","price":17.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0893\/4755\/5618\/files\/9780767915472.jpg?v=1777406537"},{"product_id":"age-cures-how-american-scientists-saved-your-life-9781668067833-new","title":"The Age of Cures: How American Scientists Saved Your Life","description":"\u003cb\u003eFrom the acclaimed author of \u003ci\u003eBillion Dollar Molecule\u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Antidote\u003c\/i\u003e, a revisionist, passionate history of the pharmaceutical industry, detailing how the nascent industry ushered in an age of cures.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor the past thirty-five years, the acclaimed author Barry Werth has been covering one of the most consequential and underappreciated stories of our time--the rise of pharmaceutical companies, along with the science of drug research and the people who make it all happen. Now he delivers \u003ci\u003eThe Age of Cures\u003c\/i\u003e, a fascinating, in-depth history of the birth of the pharmaceutical industry in the United States, and reveals how that industry created the \"miracle drugs\" that have saved billions of lives. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e In the early part of the 20th century, patients routinely died from the flu, if they didn't contract a deadlier disease such as rubella, mumps, or polio first. But with advances in technology, the young talent at universities across the country, and the significant investment from a federal government eager to prepare for a second world war, medicine exploded in the 1930s to the 1960s to finally meet the needs of a sick populace. 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